A research team at Peking University has proposed an integrated 'in situ—simulation—optimization' methodology for process optimization in multi-material additive manufacturing. This approach deeply couples in situ characterization techniques with numerical simulations and process optimization algorithms, aiming to address core challenges such as multi-material interface control and thermal-mechanical-microstructural multi-field coupling. The research seeks to close the full-chain loop of 'material design—process simulation—additive manufacturing—property characterization,' providing a systematic solution for additive manufacturing of complex heterogeneous materials. This research direction builds on Peking University's long-standing expertise in multi-scale numerical simulation and advanced computational methods for additive manufacturing.