A research team from Xi'an Jiaotong University systematically elucidates cold spray solid-state deposition additive manufacturing technology, which achieves metallic solid-state deposition through high-velocity impact of micron-sized powders (5–50 μm), avoiding oxidation and phase transformation caused by high-energy beam processes. The study reviews progress from three dimensions: deposition mechanisms, performance control, and additive manufacturing. Particle interface bonding relies on three processes: surface passivation film rupture, exposure of fresh metal, and formation of metallic bonds. Pure copper deposited parts achieve a strength of 220 to 250 MPa with elongation of 30% to 35%. Nickel-based superalloy deposited parts reach a density exceeding 99.6% and a tensile strength over 850 MPa. The technology has achieved rapid fabrication of components up to 4.5 meters in length, with commercial system operating parameters at 10 MPa and 1100 °C, and nozzle life exceeding 1000 hours. However, plasticity of titanium alloy deposited parts remains below 2%, and forming tolerances exceed ±1 mm. Future breakthroughs are needed in dissimilar material joining and intelligent process control to promote applications in high-end manufacturing fields such as aerospace.